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sociolinguistics is concerned
with investigating the relationships between language and society with the goal being a better understanding of the structure of
language and of how languages function in communication; the equivalent goal in
the sociology of language is trying to discover how social structure can be
better understood through the study of language. According to Hudson
(1996) sociolinguistics is ‘the study of language in
relation to society,’ whereas the sociology of language is ‘the study of
society in relation to language.’ In other words, in sociolinguistics we study
language and society in order to find out as much as we can about what kind of
thing language is, and in the sociology of language we reverse the direction of
our interest.
2. Why do we learn sociolinguistics ?
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By learning Sociolinguistics, it
can tells the inner part of language,
for example : when we listen to a dialect of a person we can figure it out what
dialect of a language he/she uses and also we can know how a dialect exist.
3. What is the relation
between language and society ?
There are four possibilities of the
relationship between language and society
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One is that social
structure may either influence or determine linguistic structure and/or
behavior. Certain evidence may be adduced to support this view: the age-grading
phenomenon whereby young children speak differently from older children and, in
turn, children speak differently from mature adults; studies which show that
the varieties of language that speakers use reflect such matters as their
regional,social, or ethnic origin and possibly even their gender; and other
studies which show that particular ways of speaking, choices of words, and even
rules for conversing are in fact highly determined by certain social
requirements.
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A second possible
relationship is directly opposed to the first: linguistic structure and/or
behavior may either influence or determine social structure. This is the view
that is behind the Whorfian hypothesis the claims of Bernstein ,and many of
those who argue that languages rather than speakers of these languages can be
‘sexist’
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A third possible
relationship is that the influence is bi-directional: language and society may
influence each other. One variant of this approach is that this influence is
dialectical in nature, a Marxist view put forward by Dittmar (1976), who argues
that ‘speech behaviour and social behaviour are in a state of constant
interaction’ and that ‘material living conditions’ are an important factor in
therelationship.
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A fourth possibility is
to assume that there is no relationship at all betweenlinguistic structure and
social structure and that each is independent of theother.
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Phonetics :Phonetics focuses on the physical
sounds of speech.
Phonetics covers speech perception (how
the brain discerns sounds), acoustics (the physical qualities of sounds as
movement through air), and articulation (voice production through the movements
of the lungs, tongue, lips, and other articulators).
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Phonology :Phonology is the study of the
grammatical system
speakers use to represent language in
the real world, which organises syllable structure, intonation, tone, and - in
sign languages - hand movements
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Morphology :Morphology examines how linguistic units
such as
words and their
subparts (such as prefixes and suffixes)
combine.
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Syntax :the study of sentence structure
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Lexicology :is a part of linguistics dealing
with the vocabulary of a
language and the properties
of words as the main units of the language.
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Semantics : the study of meaning and
formalizing it into a logical
form
5. What is standard language
? give an example
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Standard language is the
language used officially and formally in spoken or written, standard language is official form of language spoken in
the centers of commerce and government, school,etc.
Example : Arabic,Cantanose,Dutch, Chinese
6. Elaborating the language,
dialect, and accent, please!
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Language is the main part
in variety of language, whereas Dialect is the lower part. Language is mostly
used by people, while Dialect may be used in specific place or social which is
called Regional dialect and Social
dialect.Dialect is the variety of vocabulary, syntax, pronunciation.
Accent is variety only in pronunciation
7. Giving an example of formal
and informal language
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Formal language : he has
done the homework
Informal language : he’s done the homework [contractions]
8. What aspects of language
are sociolinguistics interested in ?
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Sociolinguists are
interested in explaining why people speaak differently in different social
contexts. They are concerned with the way people signal aspects of their social
identity through language. Sociolinguists study the effect of social factors –
such as social distance, social status, age , gender, and class – on language
varieties (dialects, registers, genres, etc). Sociolinguists are also concerned
with identifying the social functions of language andd the ways it is usedd to
convey social meaning.
9. When two or more people
from different language met and tried to communicate, what should they do ?
a.
Pidgin
b.
Creole
c.
Lingua franca <- the answer
Lingua franca <- the answer
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There are many
possibilities why people switch or mix language. It can be a way to learning a
new word in a language, for example : when someone with a background language
is Bahasa (Indonesia) will try to fit some other language words while he/she
speaks, whether it English, Chinese, or Japanase, it may be a strategy to learn
new word and to keep that word in mind by use it in speaking. Other possibility
is to sound cool when talking, obvious example is people in jakarta which mix
English and Bahasa while talking. And why someone switches language, it may be
to suit to interlocutor, example : when someone whose mother-tongue is javanese
talking to someone with different mother-tongue, they may talk with formal
language like Bahasa Indonesia, and when that person meet someone with same
mother-tongue, she/he may use javanese to show solidarity or to just make them
understand each other.
11.Giving an example of code switching and
code mixing ?
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Code mixing : Hey, kamu join gk ?, kami mau pergi
lunch nie ?
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Code switching : hei aku boleh tanya gk?. Did you come to
DD party ?
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